Happy Birthday Émile Zola! (Mini Bio & Bibliography)

On this date, 173 years ago, a baby boy was born in Paris. He was named Émile François Zola, the only child of an Italian engineer. “Zolla” in Italian means ‘cloth of earth’. He was four years old when his father died, leaving his mother as a widow with meager pension. His mother prepared him to have a law career, but Zola failed in his Baccalauréat exam. Before entering journalism and beginning his writing career, Zola worked as clerk in shipping firm and in sales department of a publisher. Among his first published works is Contes à Ninon, published when he was 24 years old. When the publication of his next semi-autobiographical novel: Claude’s Confession (1865) caught police’s attention, the publisher office fired him.

Zola’s first major novel was Therese Raquin (1867). In his 28 years of age, Zola started to build the complete layout of his future series of novels traces the "environmental" influences of violence, alcohol and prostitution which became more prevalent during the second wave of the Industrial Revolution during the second empire of France. Les Rougon-Macquart was the title of the series, depicted—or rather examined—two branches of a family: the respectable (legitimate) Rougons and the disreputable (illegitimate) Macquarts for five generations. Zola: "I want to portray, at the outset of a century of liberty and truth, a family that cannot restrain itself in its rush to possess all the good things that progress is making available and is derailed by its own momentum, the fatal convulsions that accompany the birth of a new world."

During the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 Zola and his newly married wife, Alexandrine moved temporarily to Marseilles. And during that period, Zola worked as journalist for several different newspapers. Right after that Zola began to write his Rougon-Macquart series.

The complete twenty series of Les Rougon Macquart (the years are years of publication):

#1 (1871) - The Fortune of the Rougons

#2 (1872) - The Kill (La Curée)

#3 (1873) - The Belly of Paris

#4 (1874) - The Conquest of Plassans (La Concuête de Plassans)

#5 (1875) - The Sin of Father Mouret (La Foute de l'Abbé Mouret)

#6 (1876) - His Excellency Eugène Rougon (Son Excellence Eugène Rougon)

#7 (1877) - L’Assommoir (The Drinking Den)

#8 (1878) - A Page of Love (Une Page d'Amour)

#9 (1880) - Nana

#10 (1882) – Pot Luck (Pot-Bouille)

#11 (1883) – The Ladies’ Paradise (Au Bonheur des Dames)

#12 (1884) – The Joy of Life (Le Joie de Vivre)

#13 (1885) – Germinal

#14 (1886) – The Masterpiece

#15 (1887) – The Earth

#16 (1888) - The Dream

#17 (1890) – The Beast in Man (La Bête Humaine)

#18 (1891) – Money (L'Argent)

#19 (1892) – La Débâcle

#20 (1893) – Doctor Pascal (Le Docteur Pascal)

Paul Alexis reading a manuscript to Zola,
painted by Paul Cezanne

During those years, Zola had became a political reporter (1871); held his First Impressionist exhibition (1874) and Second Impressionist exhibition (1876); took Jeanne Rozerot as his mistress; got a baby girl from Jeanne, named Denise (1889); got a baby boy—Jacques—also from Denise (1891). On 1894, at the same year that Alfred Dreyfus—a Jewish artillery officer in French army—was found guilty by a court martial, Zola published his first novel of Three Cities trilogy: Lourdes. It was followed soon by Rome on 1896, and Paris on 1898.

On January 13^th, 1898 Zola published his article J’Accuse in defense of Dreyfus who was wrongly convicted as treason which was caused by anti-semitism in the highest levels of French Army. J’Accuse was an opened letter addressed to the President of the Republic which was published in the front page of L’Aurore newspaper. By publishing J’Accuse, Zola has brought his career to a major risk. On the other hand, as Zola was a leading French thinker at that time, J’Accuse formed a major turning-point on the affair, and it had divided France deeply between the reactionary army and church and the more liberal commercial society. The article is also widely marked in France as the most prominent manifestation of the new power of the intellectuals (writers, artists, academicians) in shaping public opinion, the media and the state.

Streets in Paris named after Emile Zola & Alfred Dreyfus

Zola was brought to trial on 7 February 1898 and was convicted on 23 February; however he fled to England rather than went into jail. After his return to Paris, Zola immediately published first novel in his new series Four Gospels: Fecundity (Fécondité); followed by Toil (Travail) on 1901. The third novel, Truth (Vérité) was published posthumously in 1903, while Justice would have become the fourth if only Zola have survived then to finish it…..

J’Accuse was proved to bring huge risk to Zola, as he was found dead on September 29^th from carbon monoxide poisoning caused by an improperly ventilated chimney. Decades later a Parisian roofer claimed on his deathbed to have closed the chimney for political reasons, which was believed to be instructed by Zola’s enemies. He was buried in Montmartre cemetery; however on June 4^th 1908 his remains were relocated to the Panthéon, where he shares a crypt with other French big authors: Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas.

~~~~~~~

It was a kind of mini biography of Émile Zola, one of the most prominent contributors of Naturalism in 19^th century and a major figure in the political liberalization of France. Looking at his bibliography, I was amazed by how productive Zola had written his books; he published one book every year on average, to say nothing of his persistence to write the twenty novels of Rougon-Macquart series based on his layout for twenty years! Zola wrote each of his books after thorough researches to describe the settings in details. For Germinal, for example, he went to a mining, interviewed the miner and witnessed their risky lives, and examining their livings. No wonder, we would feel as if we were presence in every scene of his books.

In comparing between his work and Balzac’s, Zola said: “I don't want to describe the contemporary society, but a single family, showing how the race is modified by the environment. (...) My big task is to be strictly naturalist, strictly physiologist.” Jim, one of Zoladdiction participant, posted an interesting analysis over the taxonomy aspect in Zola’s Rougon-Macquart series. If you could not decide which book you should read first at a start, or whether you must read them in publication order or not, Jim’s post would help you to consider. For you who, like me, decided to read in random order, the post provides information you need to know in order to see Zola’s whole perspective in writing the series.

I am a fan of Zola, although I have only read three of his novels so far. That’s why I host the Zoladdiction event, to encourage myself to read more (and to buy more in the end) of Zola. I plan to read at least all of the twenty novels in Rougon-Macquart series, and hopefully all the others too.

JOYEUX ANNIVERSAIRE MONSIEUR ÉMILE ZOLA!

2 April 1840 – 2 April 2013

Zoladdiction Master Post

Are you ready to be exposed to Zoladdiction this month? See the announcement to find all about this event. In short, o (delaisse) and I are hosting this event to praise and spread the knowledge (and addiction) of Émile Zola’s works to celebrate the Naturalist's birthday on April 2nd. To join us, you can simply sign up this event, read as much as Zola’s works as possible, post your thoughts, and share them in the linky below.

To refresh your memory, there are three levels you can choose:

1st level: Maheude (reading 1 book)

2nd level: Gervaise (reading 2-3 books)

3rd level: Nana (reading 4 books or more)

Whichever is your choice, let’s have fun with Zola for the whole month. Hey, wouldn’t it be a great time to add more Zola books in your collection too? So let’s read, let’s post, let’s shop, or let’s watch movies adaptation, all because we are in Zoladdiction! :)

Wrap Up

In the end of April (or within first week of May in the least), we encourage you to post a wrap-up of Zoladdiction:

• Tell us what you have done with Zola during April.
• Share your thoughts or feelings after you worked on with Zola for a month, do you begin to like him, have you been struggling with the books, or do you love him even more? Tell us everything!
• What next? Do you have any future plan with Zola?

Of course you are free to say anything in your wrap up post, you are not obliged to answer all the questions, it’s just to give you ideas. You can put the link of your wrap up post in the same linky below (I only prepare one linky for all posts).

Now, kick it off, guys…and let the Zoladdiction begin!

P.S. For sharing, discussions or questions, use hashtag #Zoladdiction in twitter and mention me @Fanda_A so I can buzz it.

Just So Stories

I think I owed The Classics Club for their The Classics Spin fun event on last February, where the spin picked the lucky number 14; and from my spin list, it goes to…. Just So Stories! Without the Classics Spin, I might have not picked that book for a long time, as I haven’t been a fan of children tales. Now I know that I have misjudged Just So Stories, and most importantly Rudyard Kipling—I’m really sorry Mr. Kipling! :).

Just So Stories contains of twelve animal tales, mostly about how they evolved until they are like they are today, and all were told in comical yet lyrical style. To add the amusement of the stories, Kipling drew illustrations for each story and slipped some informative pieces which sometimes are quite funny too. Well, smartly-funny to be exact. Here is one of the illustrations (picked from How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin). It’s not very special, really, but I was amazed by Kipling’s idea to put the Firaun’s cart-wheel into the illustration (the circular thing half buried in the sand at the bottom of the illustration)!

And to top them, Kipling provided a sweet bonus at the end of each story: songs! Or in this case, the lyrics only. And some of them were entertaining too, here’s one of my favorite, from The Cat That Walked by Himself. If you want to know how cats—being in the beginning solitary animals—could be pets nowadays, just read this story, you’ll see that funny it is, Kipling could portrait the nature of each animal very distinctly.

“PUSSY can sit by the fire and sing,

Pussy can climb a tree,

Or play with a silly old cork and string

To'muse herself, not me.

But I like Binkie my dog, because

He knows how to behave;

So, Binkie's the same as the First Friend was,

And I am the Man in the Cave.

Pussy will play man-Friday till

It's time to wet her paw

And make her walk on the window-sill

(For the footprint Crusoe saw);

Then she fluffles her tail and mews,

And scratches and won't attend.

But Binkie will play whatever I choose,

And he is my true First Friend.

Pussy will rub my knees with her head

Pretending she loves me hard;

But the very minute I go to my bed

Pussy runs out in the yard,

And there she stays till the morning-light;

So I know it is only pretend;

But Binkie, he snores at my feet all night,

And he is my Firstest Friend!”

You know, reading these funny stories suddenly made me wonder, what would Charles Darwin think/react when he have read these? :) Maybe one story that would satisfy him most is The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo. Really, it could be a good way to explain Darwin’s theory to children (although I don’t have any clue what really made kangaroo hop long long time ago! :D). The Beginning of the Armadillos is also a kind of Darwinian theory about how hedgehogs and tortoises can turn to Armadillos. Moral lesson: people may change because of circumstances.

What would interest us as adults is that Kipling wrote these stories from his thorough observation during his journeys to Asia and Africa. Unlike most tales, Kipling wrote about nature, men, animals, and culture that really exist, and combined them with his imagination to turn into these amazing stories. Here and there he satirized about people too. In How the Leopard Got His Spots Kipling criticized us, adults, of often being too complicated with words for simple things:

Leopard: 'Where has all the game gone?'

Ethiopian: 'Can you tell me the present habitat of the aboriginal Fauna?'

(That meant just the same thing, but the Ethiopian always used long words. He was a grown-up.)

In another story, The Crab that Played with the Sea, Kipling even called Malayan people as “lazy”, as you can read in this: “You are lazy,' said the Eldest Magician. 'So your children shall be lazy. They shall be the laziest people in the world. They shall be called the Malazy--the lazy people.” And speaking about Malay, I found it very interesting that Kipling mentioned also my hometown, Surabaya (he called it ‘Sourabaya’) in the same story. One of the characters brought a kris (‘keris’ in Bahasa Indonesia) with him, a curving, wavy shaped dagger, traditional weapon in Indonesia. Kipling also mentioned about Indonesian tropical islands in this: “…He breathed upon the sand and the rocks, where they had fallen in the sea, and they became the most beautiful islands of Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and the rest of the Malay Archipelago, and you can look them out on the map!” Thank you Mr. Kipling! :)

The most hilarious story is perhaps How the First Letter Was Written. It’s about how the first men first learned to communicate with others. In a comical way Kipling told us how drawings could be easily misinterpreted in written communication, but drawings could also be simplified to create letters which we now use as alphabetic. In short, Just So Stories is very entertaining and educating, both for children (of all age, provided that they can read) and for adults!

Four stars for Just So Stories, and for Rudyard Kipling!

~~~~~~

I read the ebook version from this.

This book is counted for:

The Classics Spin

4^th book for Fun Year With Children Literature

38^th book for The Classics Club

Clarissa Dalloway in Mrs. Dalloway: Character Thursday (56)

Clarissa is the heroine of Mrs. Dalloway, and she was in her middle age. At this stage of life, she began questioning her past decision to leave her ex-boyfriend Peter Walsh and married Richard Dalloway. I think Clarissa and Peter should have been made a good couple; they loved each other, and they understood each other very well. Often in their meetings, they knew what the other was thinking before they really said it. However, Clarissa was so afraid of uncertainty, that she finally chose Richard Dalloway who was more mature and settled than Peter.

Other reason why Clarissa left Peter, was because Clarissa didn’t like to be scrutinized by him. I think the thought of her boyfriend could read her mind and knew her too much had annoyed her. Clarissa seemed to be always hiding most of her feeling from public. She always wanted to be seen ladylike and quite descent in her high-class society. She was so afraid that she looked too old or too unfit for it (that’s why she was very sensitive to Peter’s unspoken critics).

And in the middle of that fuss, Clarissa never thought about the true meaning of life. She just flowed with it, and enjoyed it. When she held a dinner party, for example, it’s just that she wanted to host a party, no other (more important) reason. She bought flowers for that occasion to feel younger and fresher. She was irritated when Richard was invited to a lady’s lunch without her—not that she was jealous I think—but because the lady did not appreciate her much to invite her. So, how people regarded her was the most important thing for Clarissa Dalloway.

In the end I think Clarissa began to think deeper than the only what in the surface. By beginning to reasoning her marrying to Richard, I think she began to see how she had prioritized status than love; the surface than what’s in the inside. And finally, Clarissa was forced to realize the mortality of human’s life. She was tried to be indifferent to it, blaming the young man’s death as reducing her party’s festivity, but in the end she must have realized that she too must think about it more seriously than just the glamour and glitters of the flowers, fashion and parties.

That is my Character Thursday of this week, an analysis of book character of my choice, who is yours?... Just put your post URL in the linky below. Do you like to join us in discussing characters from books you read? See the details of Character Thursday first.

Turn Of The Century Salon March Prompt: Mrs. Dalloway

For the salon, I have read Mrs. Dalloway (here is my review, and here is what I've worked on for my WEM project). It was my first encounter with both Virginia Woolf and the self consciousness style, and I admit that I could not enjoy it as much as I have expected. Here are few inquiries from Katherine for the salon:

How would the plot of the novel had altered if it had been set in a different era?

The main plot would have not altered too much even if it had been set in a different era, I think. Yes, it is set right after the war, but the problems occurred to the main characters could happen too in a different situation. The general theme of Mrs. Dalloway was a search of life meaning and freedom, which is still relevant to these modern days, and I think, in the earlier centuries too.

What are some adjectives that define what you feel the book is saying?

Snob, indifferent, confused, dependent.

Find a work of art or music within the same time-period that reflect the book and share it.

A Day in June, 1913, by George Bellows

The woman in the right corner brings flowers, which reminds me of Clarissa Dalloway, who went to buy flowers on one sunny morning in London...

Mrs. Dalloway (Final Review)

You probably notice that until now I have not read too many books from modernist authors; I think my favorite still remains with Victorian or 19^th century’s :) Well, to repair that, I’ve decided to participate in Allie’s A Modern March event which invites us to read more modernist books. I picked Mrs. Dalloway for this event, first because I’m curious with the stream of consciousness style, and second because Mrs. Dalloway is believed to be one of Virginia Woolf’s masterpieces. And it’s only 200s pages too! But….what a wrong choice that has been for me!

At first, I am fascinated by the stream of consciousness. It’s something different; it’s like entering someone’s mind and flowing with it. It’s remarkable to realize how human’s mind could contain many different things at a time, how they could hop from one place to another in an instant—and sometimes they don’t have any connections at all. Like I said, it’s fascinating to read the earlier part of the book (my ebook version doesn’t have chapters or parts); however the more I got into the middle part, the more I got bored. It’s nice to watch people’s thoughts sometimes, but it would be overwhelming to do that all the time.

Clarissa Dalloway was a mid-aged woman from a high class society of England. It was around 1923, when England has just passed the war. One clear June morning Clarissa was walking around London’s street to buy flowers for her dinner party at that night. During the walk, her mind wandered around retrieving her old memories. From then on, Woolf brought us to ‘inspect’ several other characters’ mind; among them were Peter Walsh’s—Clarissa’s ex boyfriend, and Kezia Warren Smith’s—wife of a nerve-broken man. They were all judging their past decisions, wondering what would have happened if they took a different path, and what they must do next.

So I was lost in their minds, when every now and then Woolf would switch from one’s mind to another’s without any signs, that made me often being at a loss of whose mind I was at a time. My favorite is Kezia and Septimus Warren Smith. They were out of Clarissa’s radar, thus building their own story about their faith. Septimus was struck by his friend’s death in the war—and perhaps by the war itself—which lead him to a nerve breakdown. When he got his seizure, Septimus believed he was being chased by his death friend’s ghost, and would talk to himself and seemed to lose conscious of his surroundings. Kezia put enormous effort in making Septimus look normal in public, while often felt that Septimus ignored her and did not loved her anymore. I felt pity for Kezia…. No wonder she said: “To love makes one solitary.”

There’s nothing really interesting about Clarissa herself. She mostly argued about her past love life. She was with Peter Walsh for some time and seemed to be a perfect couple, before she met Richard Dalloway. On that particular day, Peter suddenly appeared at her house announcing that he would divorce his present wife to marry an Indian woman. Both Clarissa and Peter were reasoning with themselves whether they’d have been right not to marry each other. Clarissa remembered too how she was fond of her girlfriend Sally Seton, how they had been not only friends, but more intimate than that. Clarissa was thinking about her husband Richard too, how he seemed to be away from her, and she was a bit jealous because a lady had invited Richard to lunch without her.

All in all, Mrs. Dalloway is about uncertainty and a search of life’s meaning and freedom. Clarrisa Dalloway and Septimus both were searching for freedom from the society, but both from different situation. Clarissa was sick of being under criticism of others (that’s why she had broken up with Peter Walsh), and she longed to have privacy, that she chose to sleep in an attic room in her house. Septimus sought for freedom for a deeper purpose. He was treated inhumanly by his neurologists; the so-called Professors and experts forced him to take this medication and that kind of treatment, but forgot to treat him with the more humane touch. They treated him as merely a sick patient, but failed to see that what he needed most is love and care. They thought that keeping him alone in an asylum would be the best cure, whereas people like Septimus should have mingled with society who would treat him like a normal man. They should have treated him as a friend, put trust on him. I’m not a doctor, but I believe it will make him feel better.

Two and a half stars for Mrs. Dalloway, because I didn’t enjoy it as a whole, though I still found a treasured value behind it, which add the half star there.

~~~~~

I read ebook version from Feedbooks

This book is counted for:

5^th book for The Well-Educated Mind Self Project

my WEM inquiries post for this book

3^rd book for Turning of the Century Salon

8^th book for What’s In A Name Challenge 2013

4^th book for New Authors Reading Challenge 2013

37^th book for The Classics Club

Porthos in The Three Musketeers: Character Thursday (55)

Porthos is, probably, the most uninteresting musketeer from the four inseparable musketeers who served the King of France under Mr. de Treville. From my first encounter with him in Three Musketeers, it’s easy to learn that Porthos adored his appearance so much, that he challenged d’Artagnan for a duel only because d’Artagnan has caught his false golden embroidered belt!

Just like his other comrades, Porthos’ income was not as big as his taste; and like other musketeers too, he used to spend his salary so quickly, that in only few days he would have been moneyless. But again, like other musketeers, Porthos had his charming manner which was quite a gentlemanly appeal for high rank women (ladies and duchesses). From these mistresses, the poor musketeers used to get their ‘second’ salaries. It’s an easy case for Porthos too, with his handsome countenance and well-built massive body.

You can guess, I think, which one is Porthos?...

Porthos might not be very intelligent, but he was brave and loyal. In short, Porthos was a simpleton; he didn’t have many mysteries veiled his life—well, apart from his false golden belt perhaps—like Athos or Aramis, and there’s certainly not any politics in him. His only aim in life was, perhaps, being admired by others as a pure gentleman, being well taken care in terms of clothes and foods, and having enough money to get them. I don’t think he cared much for politics, he’s just loyal to the King and Queen like any other conservative gentlemen who had high adoration to royal figures. And Porthos disliked the Cardinal just because Richelieu opposed the King (and Queen).

Well, Porthos might only be an ordinary gentleman, but later in The Man In The Iron Mask, he would show his quality as a devoted and loyal friend.

That is my Character Thursday of this week, an analysis of book character of my choice, who is yours?... Just put your post URL in the linky below. Do you like to join us in discussing characters from books you read? See the details of Character Thursday first.